Multi-storey steel structure can be applied to most of the multi-storey residential buildings, steel structure itself is a green and environmentally friendly building material, and its application to multi-storey residential buildings can ensure the quality of the building and also ensure the safety of the user’s residence, and compared with other building materials, steel structure materials also have important significance for environmental protection. With the continuous development of the construction industry, the significance of steel structure for residential building construction is becoming more and more important, promoting the development of the construction industry, and contribute to the innovation and progress of the construction industry.
1 Multi-story steel structure residential building construction technology
1.1 Multi-story steel residential building structure system
Multi-story steel residential building structure system, mainly by the framework, support system and lateral pressure resistance system, etc., according to the characteristics of the system can be divided into several kinds, the main structural system are.
1.1.1 Pure frame structure system.
This structure is mainly is the steel as the frame, to ensure that the force is clear, and more flexible in the arrangement, for the seismic resistance is very strong, more standardized, for the specification of construction is particularly applicable. But the disadvantage is that it is too easy to cause structural damage.
1.1.2 Braced structural system.
This system is important for enhancing the lateral support force, can effectively enhance the building strength, for the entire residential building construction, can increase its stability, and the price is relatively low, with better economy. It is more practical for areas with high seismic demand.
1.1.3 New lateral force resistance system.
This system is based on steel frames and is suitable for many different types of building construction and has great advantages in lateral force resistance.
1.1.4 Staggered articulated frame structure system.
This system is characterized by the height of the armature and the height of the floor, so it is more flexible for the arrangement of each floor.
1.2 Floor system
For multi-story residential buildings, the floor system is often operated by the laminated type and the whole cast-in-place type. The laminated type is more suitable for concrete laminated floor buildings, while the overall cast-in-place type is less demanding in construction technology and more convenient in construction method, and the construction plan of the floor system should be determined after overall consideration in the building construction process.
1.3 Envelope system
In the multi-story construction, often use the way of hanging and filling for building enclosure work, unhung materials to ensure lighter weight, in the filling should also use lighter weight filling board, in the overall maintenance process to protect the floor building as the first task to operate.
1.4 Connection form
In the whole building, many structures need to be connected, in the connection work, different connection forms should be used between different parts, in the strong axis connection can be used when the rigid connection method, in the welding point connection can guarantee the connection strength. Although the screwed joints can be more quickly, but also to determine its safety and load-bearing, to all the construction of the building based on the solid.
2 The characteristics of multi-rise steel structure residential building
2.1 Light material and good quality
The material of steel structure is lighter than traditional building materials, so it can reduce the overall weight of the building and reduce the pressure of the building when it is used in the multi-story residential building, and it is also more convenient to process the steel structure in the factory. And in the process of transportation and installation can also reduce the pressure of construction personnel to avoid accidents.
2.2 More convenient construction method
In the application of steel structure for high-rise residential building construction, because it is more lightweight and convenient, so in the process of transmission can effectively reduce the time, and not easily affected by external factors. The seismic performance is more optimized, which is also important for the construction process, and the recycling rate of steel structure materials is also particularly high, and many steel structures can reach 100 percent recycling rate, which can better save resources and reduce environmental pollution.
2.3 Beautiful structure
Steel is lightweight and high strength, which can reserve a larger building space, using the same steel structure materials can get more space, so as to provide the basis for the layout of the interior. The multi-story steel structure house is more in line with the requirements of modern architecture, the space and function are more in line with modern aesthetics, and the shape is more beautiful and rich.
2.4 Easy installation of components and short construction period
Steel structure houses are highly assembled, and the components used are light, easy and fast to transport and install. The use of steel structure can also provide a larger space and more spacious construction work surface at the construction site, lifting beams and columns, installing steel frames, pouring concrete and other construction, can be implemented in parallel three-dimensional crossover operations, and no need to support the mold, less wet work on site, and less affected by the climate. Therefore, the construction cycle can be reduced by at least one-third compared with traditional residential buildings, which can accelerate the capital turnover and greatly improve the investment efficiency.
2.5 Easy transformation and convenient wiring
The internal division, joint height and reinforcement of steel structure are more flexible. The web of the steel beam allows the crossing of pipelines of less than a certain diameter, and the holes and cavities in the structure space make it convenient for pipeline arrangement, replacement and repair.
3 Some typical engineering applications in China
3.1 China Academy of Building Research (CABR) and Tianjin Construction Industry Group (TJIG) have cooperated in research and development, technical design, product production and engineering construction to form a complete set of steel structure housing technology of “steel-concrete combined building system” and completed 300,000 square meters of steel structure housing in Tianjin. The steel structure housing system consists of load-bearing frame and support system, energy-saving composite exterior wall panels and extruded interior wall panels, and other components are optimized and have many patents. The engineering cost of this system can be equal to that of reinforced concrete structure, with high industrialization, fast construction and advanced comprehensive technical and economic level.
3.2 Beijing Xisanqi Hydropower Engineering Dormitory, with a total construction area of 2532 square meters, 6-story steel frame – shear wall structure system of H-beam, pressed steel plate combination floor, self-bearing masonry exterior wall, reinforced concrete independent foundation plus connecting beams, fireproofing of components with fireproof coating plus mortar cladding.
3.3 Shanghai Luhai City consists of 6 blocks of 25-story high-rise steel structure residential buildings with a floor area of 70,000 square meters, using steel frame-concrete core cylinder (shear wall) structural system and pressed steel plate combination floor. The frame columns are made of round steel pipe concrete columns, and all frame beams are made of high frequency welded light H-beams. The exterior walls and subdivider walls are 200mm thick blocks, and the interior partition walls are 150mm thick blocks. The fire resistance class of the components is one, and the design uses thick fireproof paint.
3.4 Shanghai Modern Real Estate Company built tens of thousands of square meters of multi-story and high-rise light steel structure residences. Among them, the multi-storey houses adopt the frame system composed of cold-formed rectangular steel pipe columns and cap-type cold-formed steel beams; the high-rise houses adopt the frame system composed of rectangular steel pipe concrete columns and cap-type cold-formed steel combination beams, and the steel adopts fire-resistant, corrosion-resistant and high-strength phosphor-copper rare earth steel; the floor slab is a dense dovetail reinforced concrete combination slab.
3.5 Wuhan Century Home steel structure residential project built by Hangzhou Xiaoshan Steel Structure has a total construction area of 229,700 square meters, of which 3 buildings are point-type residential buildings and 7 buildings are 22 to 24-story slab-type residential buildings. In addition to all steel structures as the main structure, this project will also adopt self-supporting floor panels and CCA sound insulation, heat insulation, fireproof and waterproof interior and exterior wall panels developed by Hangxiao Steel Structure.
4 Conclusion
Compared with traditional reinforced concrete building materials, steel structure is lighter and more environmentally friendly, so using steel structure as the supporting foundation in multi-story residential buildings can better ensure the building quality.
With the continuous advancement of the real estate industry, people’s requirements for residential buildings are getting higher and higher, so a green, environmentally friendly, strong and sturdy multi-story building can better meet people’s psychological needs, so the application of steel structure technology in multi-story buildings is not only responsible for the user, but also a necessary means of enterprise development, I believe that with social progress, steel structure technology in multi-story residential buildings will certainly, better I believe that with the progress of society, steel structure technology in multi-story residential buildings will certainly, better play its light and heat, for personal safety, economic development and enterprise progress to make better contributions.